机械工程硕士论文：液压执行元件的分析与计算

摘 要

　　受自然条件和地理位置的影响，防腐管在坡地或复杂地况的运输成为了油气管线施工中的难题之一。面临复杂地况时，传统的防腐管运输作业通常是多台设备配合完成作业，由于没有一种专门针对防腐管运输的设备，从而消耗了大量的人力物力。大型防腐管道重达数吨，且还有每 30 公分折弯 05 度的弯管，致使运输难度大大增加，传统机械设备很难有发挥的余地。想要提高建设效率，降低成本，提高工程质量，就需要一种专门针对防腐管运输的专用机械来完成工作，所以提出了一项关于油气管线防腐管运输设备的设计研究，旨在为油气管线建设做出更多的贡献。

　　根据实际施工需求，该文对防腐管运输设备进行了分析与研究，提出了符合实际工况的油气管线防腐管运输设备的方案设计。根据要求，设计了一种可以在坡地及复杂地况下使用的防腐管运输设备。该设备基于履带式底盘设计，加大了设备的稳定性与对复杂地形的适应性；采用双爪夹持，在工作过程中夹持更加可靠；夹持臂采用类挖掘机设计，工作范围增大，方便了施工作业。仿真结果表明，防腐管运输设备不仅具有操作方便，稳定可靠的性能，而且提高了施工运输效率。

　　根据国内外权威人士对液压机械及其连杆机构应用的设计方法研究，结合实际工作状态及工作环境，设计整体结构方案；根据设备实际工作环境，结合工程机械的要求，设计整机液压系统；针对油气管线防腐管运输设备中各机构中液压执行元件的作用力进行计算；运用 ANSYS 软件对关键薄弱部件进行应力分析，并对结果进行分析，应用 FluidSIM 软件对液压系统进行仿真，验证其可行性。

　　关键词 ：油气管线；防腐管运输；弯管；履带式；液压系统

　　Abstract

　　Under the influence of natural conditions and geographical location, thetransportation of anti-corrosion pipes on slopes or complex terrain has become one of thedifficulties in the oil and gas pipelines construction In the face of complex roadconditions, the traditional method of transportation is usually to cooperate with multipleequipment to complete the operation, there is no special equipment for the transportationof anti-corrosion pipes, so it consumes a lot of manpower and material resources Theweight of large anti-corrosion pipe is tons, and the curvature of the curved pipes is 05degree per 30cm, it increases the difficulty of transportation, so it is difficult for traditionalmechanical equipment to play a role In order to improve the construction efficiency,reduce the cost and improve the project quality, it needs a kind of equipment suitable forthe transportation of anti-corrosion pipes to complete the work Therefore, the design andresearch of transportation equipment for anti-corrosion pipes of oil and gas pipeline areproposed to make more contributions to the construction of oil and gas pipelines

　　According to the actual construction requirements, this paper analyzed andresearched the transportation equipment of anti-corrosion pipes, and put forward thedesign and research of transportation equipment for anti-corrosive pipes with the actualworking condition According to the requirements, a kind of transportation equipment foranti-corrosion pipes which can be used on slopes and complex terrain is designed It isbased on caterpillar chassis design, increased the stability of the equipment andadaptability for complex terrain; it have double mechanical claws for clamping, make itmore reliable in the working process; and the clamping arm design is similar to theexcavator, and it increases the working range and facilitates the construction work Thetest results show that the anti-corrosion pipes transportation equipment is not only easy tooperate, stable and reliable, but also improves the construction efficiency

　　According to the research on the design method of hydraulic machinery and itslinkage mechanism applied by domestic and foreign authorities, and combined with theactual working state and working environment to design the overall structure scheme;According to the actual working state of the equipment, combined with the demand ofconstruction machinery to design the hydraulic system of the whole machine To calculatethe force of hydraulic actuator in oil and gas pipeline anti corrosive pipe transportationequipment; ANSYS software was used to analyze the stress of key weak parts, and analysis the results, FluidSIM software was used to simulate the hydraulic system toverify its feasibility

　　Keywords Oil and gas pipeline; Anti-corrosive pipes transportation; Curved pipes;Caterpillar style; The hydraulic system

　　目 录

　　第 1 章 绪 论

　　伴随着科学技术 0 的不断更新与发展，越来越多的新型起重运输机械在大型工程中得到了普遍应用，尤其是特种起重运输机械。特种起重运输机械是专门为某种特殊运输作业所研制，一台机械设备往往能代替几十或者更多的工人劳动者，对资源的良好利用以及工作效率的提高都发挥了很大的推动作用。本文介绍了一种适用于复杂路况的油气管线防腐管运输设备。

　　1.1 选题背景及意义

　　进入 21 世纪以来，国民经济取得飞跃式发展，科技水平也得到巨大提升，而我国也进入了高速大规模建设阶段。工程机械是装备工业不可或缺的成员之一，在土方工程、起重作业、道路建设等方面有着非常多的应用。液压技术是工程机械非常重要的一部分，液压机械因其操控灵活、用途广泛、结实耐用等特点越来越被人们重视。

　　上世纪六十年代初期，我国建成第一条长输油气管线。21世纪初期，我国实行西气东输战略，一场关乎民生的建设性工程拉开了帷幕。截止到2016年，我国已经完成13万公里的油气管线建设。油气管线工程极其庞大并且需要特别多的人力物力，建设难度远超想象。如图11所示，由于油气管线的施工特点，往往需要开山动土，并且施工条件恶劣，地形复杂，在进行一些工程作业时工作量会非常巨大，消耗的人力物力不可计数，而作为得力助手的工程机械往往不能针对性的使用。管材运输是整个油气管线施工中保障工作，是基础性工程。传统的运布管技术相对落后，面临复杂路况时，需要多台设备同时配合工作，消耗巨大，施工效率缓慢，所以研制一种针对复杂路况时管材运输的特种机械势在必行。