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人民法院涉诉信访现状与问题研究

来源:985论文网 添加时间:2019-12-17 17:24

 摘 要

  人民法院涉诉信访不仅涉及人民群众合法权益和司法机关司法权威,而且涉及整个社会和谐稳定。由于传统思想文化影响,社会转型期人民群众自我意识不断增强,各项改革事业不断深入,出现社会结构新变化、利益主体多样化、利益诉求多元化,社会矛盾大量以诉讼形式进入人民法院,随之而来的是涉诉信访案件的大量涌现。在当前全国上下加强和创新社会管理的背景下,研究和解决人民法院涉诉信访问题对于化解人民内部矛盾、维护社会的和谐稳定,促进人民法院工作良性、科学发展,有着十分重大的理论意义和现实意义。

  人民法院涉诉信访是因信访人对人民法院审理、执行的相关案件不满而引起的信访。涉诉信访是我国信访制度的一个重要组成部分,它以法院为主要受理机构,按照相关的法律和信访法规,处理信访人针对人民法院处理的相关案件的程序、裁判结果的来信或者来访问题。涉诉信访承担着解决人民群众反映诉求、表达意愿、解决矛盾的使命,由于人民法院受理诉讼案件数量持续增长,涉诉信访案件数量也居于高位,加之当前涉诉信访案件处理机制不完善,相关部门协作制度有待加强,法院审判、执行质效有待提高,信访人不合理期待等因素,导致出现了各种问题,个别涉诉信访案件还产生了较大的社会不良影响,涉诉信访规范化、制度化建设遇到了严峻的挑战。

  本文主要从四个层次分析和阐述人民法院涉诉信访问题。

  第一部分,绪论。介绍了选题背景和研究意义、国内外研究现状综述、研究目标和研究内容、研究方法和可能的创新,提出了本文的研究思路和基本框架。

  第二部分,人民法院涉诉信访概述。介绍了涉诉信访的概念、涉诉信访与相关概念的区别和联系、涉诉信访的历史由来和功能定位,意在厘清论文涉及的重点概念。

  第三部分,人民法院涉诉信访问题现状、问题与成因。涉诉信访目前还存在进京访总量居高不下、越级访问题仍然突出,信访呈现出有组织和“专业化”倾向,重复访比例高、闹访时有发生等状况,诸如现行涉诉信访案件受理处理机制存在弊端、信访案件出口不畅、对无理上访缠访闹访人员处置不力等问题仍然存在。涉诉信访问题产生的原因主要包括工作机制方面、司法实务、信访人等三方面原因。

  第四部分,人民法院涉诉信访问题破解:对策与建议。主要阐述完善涉诉信访工作机制、提高司法审判质效、破解信访人方面难题三部分内容。从健全涉诉信访终结机制、实行诉讼与信访分离制度、建立与相关部门的衔接机制、创新接待处理信访工作新机制四方面完善工作机制。从加强对涉诉信访案件甄别化解,进一步做好释法明理工作;加强审判管理和考核,增强司法公正,从源头上预防涉诉信访的产生;深入推进司法公开,严格涉诉信访责任追究;提升办案人员综合素质四方面提高司法审判质效。从加强法治宣传教育、做好信访人心理疏导、依法严惩违法信访人和完善司法援助制度四方面破解信访人方面难题。

  关键词: 人民法院;涉诉信访;工作机制;合法权益;司法权威

  Abstract

  The people's courts are concerned not only with the people's legitimate interests andthe judicial authority, but also with the social harmony and stability Because of theinfluence of traditional ideology and culture, the people's self-consciousness has beencontinuously strengthened in the period of social transformation Along with thedeepening of reform , China's various undertakings is in constant development and therehave been new changes in each aspect such as diversified interest subjects and diversifiedinterest demands in the social structure, and a large number of social contradictions haveentered the people's courts in the form of litigation Under the background ofstrengthening and innovating the social management, to study and solve the problemsrelated to complaint involving lawsuit of the people's court is of great theoretical andpractical significance to resolve the contradictions among the people, to maintain socialharmony and stability, and to promote the sound and scientific development of the work ofthe people's court

  The Complaint involving lawsuit by the people's court is due to the complainant'sdissatisfaction with the relevant cases handled and executed by the people's court Thecomplaint involving lawsuit is an important part of the in China It takes the court as themain accepting institution and, in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, ithandles letters or problems regarding the procedures of the relevant cases handled by thepeople's court The task is to solve the problems of the people's demands, express theirwishes and resolve conflicts As the number of litigation cases accepted by people's courtscontinues to increase, the number of complaint involving lawsuit case is also high, and, asthe current complaint involving lawsuit case processing mechanism is imperfect, thecooperation system of relevant departments needs to be strengthened and the quality andeffectiveness of court trial and execution need to be improved All of the above factorsmay result in various problems Individual complaint involving lawsuit case also has alarge bad social influence, and so the standardization and institutionalization oflitigation-related letters and visits meet severe challenges

  This article mainly analyze the problems related to complaint involving lawsuitfrom four aspects

  The first section shows the introduction This part mainly introduces the background  and significance of the subject, the summary of domestic and foreign research status,research objectives and contents, research methods and this part also puts forward theresearch ideas and basic framework of this paper

  The second section is about the outline of complaint involving lawsuit by the people'scourt This part introduces the concept of complaint involving lawsuit, the distinctionbetween complaint lawsuit and related concepts, and the history and function of complaintinvolving lawsuit and it is intended to clarify the key concepts involved in the paper

  The third section tells the analysis of the current situation and reasons of thecomplaint involving lawsuit in the people's court At present, there are still severalproblems : the number of petitions in Beijing is still expanding, the petitions are organizedand tend to be "professional", high rate of repeat petitions and occurrence of illegalpetitions, etc The current mechanism for handling cases involving complaint hasdrawbacks The reasons why the problems occurred mainly include the factors related tothe working mechanism of complaint involving lawsuits, the factors related to judicialpractice, and the factors related to the complainant

  The fourth section introduces the countermeasure to solve the problem It mainlyexpounds three parts: improving the working mechanism of complaint reporting,improving the quality and efficiency of judicial judgment, and solving the problems ofcomplainants We will improve the working mechanism from four aspects, namely,improving the mechanism for ending litigation-related petitions, separating litigation fromcomplaint involving lawsuit , establishing a linkage mechanism with relevant departments,and innovating new mechanisms for handling complaint casesWe will strengthen thescreening and resolution of cases involving complaint, and further improve theinterpretation of law We will further strengthen trial management and evaluation, enhancejudicial justice, and prevent complainants involving lawsuit at their source We willdeepen judicial publicity and strictly investigate the liability of the petitions We willimprove the quality and effect of judicial trialAll in all, The problems of complaintinvolving lawsuit can be solved from four aspects: strengthening the rule of law publicity,improving the psychological guidance of the complainants, severely punishing the illegalcomplainants according to law and improving the judicial assistance system

  Key words:The people's courts; complaint involving lawsuit; working Mechanismlegitimate interest; judicial authority

  目 录

  第 1 章 绪 论

  1.1 选题背景和研究意义

  党的十八大以来,政治、经济、社会、文化等各项改革事业不断深化,社会转型期人民群众权利意识不断提高,利益诉求呈现多元化发展,而完善、立体、多层的社会纠纷解决机制尚未最后形成,大量社会矛盾遂通过诉讼活动涌入人民法院等待解决。2015 年立案登记制实施以来,人民法院受理案件数量迅速攀升。与此同时,由于人民群众对人民法院裁判、执行等工作存有不满,因此涉诉信访数量一直居于高位,给以审判执行为中心的人民法院的各项工作带来很大压力。

  党的十九大报告指出,全面依法治国是中国特色社会主义的本质要求和重要保障。系统研究涉诉信访,从根本上预防和减少涉诉信访案件,依法解决好涉诉信访问题,事关最广大人民群众根本利益,事关我国法治社会、和谐社会的建设;把涉诉信访工作融入到法院全局工作之中,实现立案、信访与审判、执行工作的有机衔接、良性互动,事关社会矛盾纠纷的顺利解决。

  具体而言,深入研究涉诉信访问题,一是可以进一步完善有关涉诉信访的理论体系、理论内涵,为今后类似研究提供参考;二是可以为人民法院解决当前涉诉信访问题提供理论指导,以促进涉诉信访工作更加良性发展;三是可以为当事人正常行使信访权提供正确遵循,有利于形成健康、理性的涉诉信访机制。

  1.2 国内外研究现状

  由于历史文化、法律渊源及观念等的不同,国外没有与我国相同的涉诉信访制度。因此,可以说,所谓“涉诉信访”是一个极具中国特色的问题,国外学者也不可能选取与中国学者相同或者相似的视角对这一问题加以探讨。

  近年来,国内学者从不同的角度,针对涉诉信访问题产生的原因、减少涉诉信访的有效途径和对策、做好新时期涉诉信访工作的思考等问题,进行了探讨和分析。

  朱旭光在《关于人民法院做好新形势下涉诉信访工作的几点思考》一文中认为,针对新形势下涉诉信访工作,首先应确保人民法院依法独立公正行使审判权,树立法律权威,深入开展法制宣传教育,从根本上减少和预防涉诉信访问题;其次要保证申诉渠道畅通,完善处理机制,做好涉诉信访终结工作,促进问题实质性解决;再次要建立健全信访法律法规和配套保障,坚持和完善“大信访”工作格局,并强化对困难群众的司法救助力度。

  但该文并未从当事人自身和司法实务方面深入剖析导致当前涉诉信访问题大量出现的原因,仅依靠树立法律权威、完善处理机制、健全配套保障并不能完全解决当前涉诉信访工作存在的问题。

  吴维维在《关于涉诉信访制度改革的思考》一文中认为,涉诉信访问题产生的原因主要是人民法院采用行政化方式处理问题,缺乏有效的具有司法程序特点的处理机制。涉诉信访改革应首先通过法律途径解决纠纷和实施权利救济,并注重维护司法裁决的既判力;其次要将涉诉信访通过规范化制度固定下来,明确涉诉信访的法律定性、责任分工、甄别机制以及与诉讼的衔接;再次要规范涉诉信访案件的复查程序,完善信访终结制度及终结移送制度的程序,限定涉诉信访办理事项的处理时限。

  但该文对当前涉诉信访存在的问题描述不多,亦未从司法审判质效方面提出针对性解决措施。

  杜睿哲在《涉诉信访法治化:现实困境与路径选择》一文中认为,应当通过机构分离、诉访分离、修改诉讼法等方式,完善涉诉信访法治化基本路径,坚决打破权利救济“双轨制”,将信访的受理机构从法院分离。

  该文虽对涉诉信访的现实困境与成因进行了较为全面的分析,对解决问题的路径也提出了诉访分离的思路,但未能涵盖涉诉信访终结制度以及建立与相关部门的衔接机制等问题。

  在梳理文献和既有研究过程中,笔者发现,国内理论界对于涉诉信访的定义基本已予以明确,对产生涉诉信访问题的相关原因也进行了一些分析,并给出了对应性的对策建议,这对于涉诉信访的相关研究和探讨具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。

  但是,随着社会法治化进程的加快,在人民法院涉诉信访实践中,新情况、新问题不断涌现,既有研究仍有跟不上实际发展的情况,具体表现在:一是对涉诉信访现状、问题与成因研究方面,目前虽然提出了客观的分析,但研究有待进一步细化,层次尚需进一步明晰;二是涉诉信访问题对策建议方面虽提出了一些有益的建议,但系统性和整体性还需进一步提升;三是社会形势发展迅速,既有研究不能有效回应人民法院涉诉信访实际情形。因此,涉诉信访仍是一个颇具现实意义和挑战性的重要课题,研究仍需进一步拓展和深化。

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